QUESTIONASKINGANDANSWERIN
Question asking and answering is
a foundational process by which what people know tacitly becomes expressed, and
hence, externalized as knowledge. They reason that IM addresses questions such as
‘Where,’ ‘Who,’ ‘When,’ and ‘What,’ while KM targets problems involving dynamic
complexity, addressing solutions to questions such as ‘How’ and ‘Why.’ Quigley
and Debons [1999] adopted a similar stance that considers information as texts
that primarily answer ‘informative’ questions such as who, when, what, or where
while knowledge is considered as texts that answer more ‘explanatory’ or
‘meaning related’ questions such as why or how. Another category of questions,
“What-if,” will also fall in the domain of knowledge activity.Since such
questions necessitate predicting and prioritizing outcomes, attempts to address
such “what-if ” questions will require integrating understanding of “what” with
“why” and “how” to arrive at reasonable resolution
POSTINGCONTENTTOREPOSITORIES
Contributing content such as
lessons-learned, project experiences, and success stories is another approach
to knowledge sharing.The capturing of best practice has often been highlighted
as a form of externalized knowledge. On the other hand, professionals may not
have the time to hand off a document for submission to an appointed surrogate
either. For many professionals who are used to online communication and
accessing databases and discussion lists, we could argue that it is quicker and
easier for the professionals to make the contribution themselves. The authors
point out that the product supports both the construction of knowledge as
content, or as the collaborative, negotiated, coconstructed approach to
verifying and validating content, essentially accommodating both the content
and process views of knowledge construction.The developed content is then madeavailable
to others for (re)use, or, for re-combination, to support newinstances of
knowledge creation.
(RE)USINGKNOWLEDGE
Since the publication of this
seminal work legions of researchers have worked on systems that will help
people formulate effective questions that will retrieve relevant information.McMahon
et al. [2004], studying teamwork involving engineering design, suggest that both
codification and personalization approaches to knowledge reuse are relevant.
They recognize the notion of information value, allowing for the matching of
information to the knowledge needs of the user. They propose that good
representations of both information characteristics and user characteristics
are essential.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED DECISION MAKING
Information used in one activity
that results in new knowledge will, in turn, be used to guide selection of
alternatives in future tasks that involve decision making. Codified rules and
routines would be relied on to support evaluation of alternatives and selection
of action decisions. Choice of alternatives, and decision outcomes then provide
the backdrop upon which sense making, or justification, of decision rationale
occurs. Such decision rationale, and its associated sense making can then be
codified for (re)use in other contexts, applied to future activities that draw
on it to create new instances of knowledge.involve decision making. Codified
rules and routines would be relied on to support evaluation of alternatives and
selection of action decisions
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